Aft er studying this unit, the students will be able to describe general characteristics of solids
distinguish amorphous and crystalline solids
define unit cell describe different types of voids and close-packed structures
calculate the packing efficiency of different types of the cubic unit cell
solve numerical problems involving unit cell dimensions
Explain point defects in solids matter may exist in three different physical states namely solid, liquid, and gas. If you look around, you may find mostly solids rather than liquids and gases. Solids differ from liquids and gases by possessing definite volume and definite shape. In the solids, the atoms or molecules or ion are tightly held in an ordered arrangement and there are many types of solids such as diamond, metals, plastics, etc., and most of the substances that we use in our daily life are in the solid-state.
We require solids with different properties for various applications. Understanding the relation between the structure of solids and their properties is very much useful in synthesizing new solid materials with different properties. In this chapter, we study the characteristics of solids, classification, structure, and their properties; we also discuss the crystal defects and their significance.
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